Landmark ruling finds Czech state guilty of violating rights of Roma school children
In a landmark verdict, the European Court of Human Rights has ruled that
the Czech Republic violated the rights of Roma children by placing them in
so-called special schools for children with learning difficulties. The
state has been ordered to pay the 18 families who took the case 4,000 euros
each in compensation. Meanwhile, Roma rights campaigners are calling on the
Czech Republic to adopt positive measures to address the segregation that
still exists, despite changes to the law.
Marcela Mikova is a Romany woman from Ostrava in north Moravia. In 1996 her
son Julius was 11 when he was put into a remedial elementary school (the
Czech term is ‘special school’). Marcela and 17 other families are now
celebrating the court ruling in Strasbourg. But she is still angry about
how her child was treated:
“He could have gone further, she says, he could have gone to university.
Who knows what he could have achieved.”
Geraldine Scullion: “In Ostrava the statistics show that a Romany child
was 27 times more likely to end up in a special school than a non-Roma
child. Across Europe generally the average is 15 times.”
Geraldine Scullion is the legal director of the European Roma Rights
Centre. After Czech courts rejected the 18 families’ appeals for
compensation in the late 1990s, her organisation helped them take the
matter to the European Court of Human Rights; it found their rights had
been violated.
“They said in practice what is happening is you’re not remedying at
all…or you’re not addressing at all the needs of these children. In
fact, what you’re doing is compounding their difficulties, by putting
them in these schools where they have a lower curriculum, they don’t
learn their numbers or their alphabet until a much later stage than if
they’d attended another school. They’re isolated from the rest of the
community, so you’re compounding problems for these Roma children, in
terms of their social exclusion, their failure to find a job in later life,
their access to further education and perpetuating cycles of poverty and
social exclusion – which is to the detriment of the whole of Czech
society.”
“Special schools” as such no longer exist in the Czech Republic,
having been abolished two years ago. However, says Indian-born Roma rights
activist Kumar Vishwanathan, segregation has not gone away.
“In Ostrava if you stand by the roadside and you watch the kids taking
the 7:30 morning buses to school you find a certain bus is full of Roma
kids is going one way, and that is to the former special school. And you
find non-Roma kids going the other way, to the normal school. Basically the
old special schools, segregating special schools, still continue to remain,
although they have been repainted and the signs changed.”
If that is the case, what should the Czech state now do to address the
issue of discrimination in the education system? Jim Goldston is executive
director of the Open Society Justice Initiative and has been closely
involved in this groundbreaking case.
“The government must one, end the disproportionate assignment of Roma
children to certain kinds of schools. Two, it must begin to track and
monitor what are the monitor what are the numbers of Roma and non-Roma, so
that it can comply with its obligation to ensure that it’s not
disproportionately assigning Roma children to certain schools. Three,
it’s got to deal with consent, because the current practice of consent
was clearly shown to be inadequate by the court. And four, it has to review
the tests and the manner in which they are interpreted, because the court
again suggested that they are clearly problematic.”
The Strasbourg verdict is important in that it liberalises the rules of
proving discrimination, at least in theory opening the way for similar
legal actions. It is entirely possible that we have not heard the last of
this issue.
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